Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs)

Effective redox bioelectrocatalysts are the crux to design and development of the next generation of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) such as microscale electrochemical biosensors, biomedical devices, and biofuel cells. For advanced BESs, the enzymes should have high catalytic activity, stable, and be inexpensive. Also, bioelectrocatalysis process necessitates specific methods for mediation and enzyme immobilization to optimize electron transfer (ET) kinetics between the enzyme and electrode. Finally, electrode fabrication that allows operation close to the theoretical redox potential of the enzyme will maximize the potential difference between anode and cathode and hence maximize the output of the electrochemical communication efficiency.